Absolute URLs are internet addresses written as their full path to find a web page, image or anything else that has a path. This is opposed to a relative URL.
Relative URLs can only be used for internal linking, when creating a link to something on the same domain. Absolute links are always used when linking between different websites.
Example:
The absolute URL to this glossary entry is:https://northrook.com/glossary/#absolute-url
As long as we're on the same domain, we can use this relative URL:/glossary/#absolute-url